[22] According to studies performed on animals (which are not always applicable to humans), large numbers of neurons can die during this period in response to slight, normally innocuous changes in blood flow. [3][15] Outcomes are generally good. [74], There are no fluid biomarkers (i.e., blood or urine tests) that are validated for diagnosing concussion in children or adolescents. [48] Due to the very small number of documented cases, the diagnosis is controversial, and doubt exists about its validity. Biblioteca personale [24] In one in about seventy concussions, concussive convulsions occur, but seizures that take place during or immediately after a concussion are not "post-traumatic seizures", and, unlike post-traumatic seizures, are not predictive of post-traumatic epilepsy, which requires some form of structural brain damage, not just a momentary disruption in normal brain functioning. [65][19] Having previously sustained a sports concussion has been found to be a strong factor increasing the likelihood of a concussion in the future. A short summary of this paper. [15] Concussions are classified as mild traumatic brain injuries and are the most common type of TBIs. Emploi Tourisme - Les offres d'emploi de l'industrie du tourisme - Loisirs - Affaires - MICE - L'Echo Touristique - Deplacementspros.com - Tom.Travel [127], Concussions may also be common and occur in the workplace. [47], Included in the cascade of events unleashed in the brain by concussion is impaired neurotransmission, loss of regulation of ions, deregulation of energy use and cellular metabolism, and a reduction in cerebral blood flow. [108], Most children recovery completely from concussion in less than four weeks, however 15-30% of youth may experience symptoms that last longer than a month. [53] In the 14th century, the surgeon Guy de Chauliac pointed out the relatively good prognosis of concussion as compared to more severe types of head trauma such as skull fractures and penetrating head trauma. ", "Concussion (mild traumatic brain injury) and the team physician: a consensus statement", "The Neurometabolic Cascade of Concussion", "Lifelong behavioral and neuropathological consequences of repetitive mild traumatic brain injury", "Dead Athletes Brains Show Damage From Concussions", "Summary and agreement statement of the First International Conference on Concussion in Sport, Vienna 2001. [52], The debate over whether concussion is a functional or structural phenomenon is ongoing. Medications may be prescribed to treat headaches, sleep problems and depression. [19], Concussions symptoms vary between people and include physical, cognitive, and emotional symptoms. [2] Physiotherapy may be useful for persistent balance problems; cognitive behavioral therapy may be useful for mood changes. [21], A concussion can result in changes in mood including crankiness, loss of interest in favorite activities or items,[31] tearfulness,[32] and displays of emotion that are inappropriate to the situation. Manage and improve your online marketing. [94][57][12] Education about symptoms, their management, and their normal time course, may lead to an improved outcome. [124], Up to five percent of sports injuries are concussions. Get all of Hollywood.com's best Movies lists, news, and more. [72] Particularly, many younger athletes struggle with identifying their concussions, which often result in the non-disclosure of concussions and consequently under-representing the incidence of concussions in the context of sport. [31], Protective equipment such as helmets and other headgear and policy changes such as the banning of body checking in youth hockey leagues have been found to reduce the number and severity of concussions in athletes. Download Free PDF. [12] Routine imaging is not required to diagnose concussion. Immediately after injury: 24-48 hours (maximum) of relative physical and cognitive rest.